Source: teachthought.com via David on Pinterest
jueves, 18 de octubre de 2012
martes, 3 de julio de 2012
Consigna y textos para el trabajo colaborativo
Trabajo grupal colaborativo: Cada grupo trabajará con un texto que deberá traducir en google docs. Luego prepararan una presentación que consistirá en lo siguiente:
Diapositiva 1: Carátula
Diapositiva 2: Resumen del texto traducido
Diapositiva3: 10 oraciones en que el texto presenta voz pasiva con su traducción.
Diapositiva 4: Palabras que agregaron al glosario
GRUPO 1
What is a Computer?
A computer is a machine with an intricate network of electronic
circuits that operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The switches,
like the cores, are capable of being in one of two possible states, that is, on
or off; magnetized.
The machine is capable of storing and manipulating numbers, letters
and characters.9
The basic idea of a computer is that we can make the machine do
what we want by inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn
others off, or that magnetize or do not magnetize the cores.
The basic job of computers is the processing of information. For this
reason, computers can be defined as devices which accept information in
the from of instructions called a program and characters called data performming mathematical and logical operations on the information, and
then supply results of these operations.
The program or a part of it, which tells the computers what to do and
the data, which provide the information needed to solve the problem, are
kept inside the computer in a place called memory.
Computers are thought to have many remarkable powers. Most computers, whether large or small have three basic capabilities.
First, computers have circuits for performing arithmetical operations, such as: addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and exponentiation. Second, computers have means of communicating with the user. If
we couldn’t feed information in and get results back these machine wouldn’t
be of much use.
However, certain computers (commonly minicomputers and microcomputers) are used to control directly things such as robots, aircraft navigation systems, medical instruments, etc. Some of the most common methods of inputting information are to use terminals, diskettes, disks and magnetic tapes.
The computer’s input device (which might be a disk drive depending
on the medium used in inputting information) reads the information into
the computer. For outputting information, two common devices are used a
printer which prints the new information on paper, or a cathode-raytube
(CRT) display screen which shows the results on a TV-like a screen. Third,
computers have circuits which can make decisions. The kinds of decisions
which computer circuits can make are not of the type: ‘Who would win a
war between two countries?’ or ‘Who is the richest person in the world?’
Unfortunately, the computer can only decide three things, namely:’ Is one
number use more often than another? ‘Are two numbers equal?’ and, ‘Is
one number greater than another?’
A computer can solve a series of problems and make hundreds even
thousands of logical operations without becoming tired or bored. It can
find the solution to a problem in a fraction that it takes a human being to
do the job. A computer can replace people in dull routine, but it has no
originality, it works according to the instructions given to it and cannot
exercise value judgements.10
There are times when a computer seems to operate like a mechanical
«brain», but its achievement are limited by the minds of human beings. A
computer cannot do anything unless a person tells it what to do and gives
the appropriate information, but because of electric pulses can move at the
speed of light, a computer can carry out vast numbers of arithmeticallogical operations almost instantaneously.
A person can do the same, but in many cases that person would be
deal long before the job was finished.
GRUPO 2
Computer Applications.
Many people have or will have had some experience of ‘conversing’
with computers. They may have their own micro-computer, they may use
a terminal from the main company at work or they may have a television
set with a viewdata facility. Those who do not have this experience may
observe the staff at, for example, an airline check-in or a local bank branch
office sitting at their desks, pressing keys on a typewriter like a keyboard
and reading information presented on a television type screen. In such a
situation the check-in clerk or the branch cashier is using the computer to
obtain information (e.g. to find out if a seat is booked) or to amend information (e.g. to change a customer’s name and address).
The word computer conjures up different images and thoughts in
people’s mind depending upon their experiences. Some view computers as
powerful, intelligent machines that can maintain a ‘big brother’ watch
over everyone. Others are straggered and fascinated by the marvels achieved
by the space programs of the superpowers, where computers play an important part.
Numerous factories use computers to control machines that make
products. A computer turnes the machines on and off and adjusts their
operations when necessary. Without computers, it would be impossible for
engineers to perform the enormous number of calculations needed to solve
many advanced technological problems. Computers help in the building of
spacecraft, and they assist flight engineers in launching, controlling and
tracking the vehicles. Computers also are used to develop equipment for
exploring the moon and planets. They enable architectural and civil engineers to design complicated bridges and other structures with relative ease.14
Computers have been of tremendous help to researchers in the biological, physical and social sciences. Chemists and physicists rely on computers to control and check sensitive laboratory instruments and to analyse experimental data. Astronomers use computers to guide telescopes
and to process photographic images of planets and other objects in space.
Computers can be used to compose music, write poems and produce
drawings and paintings. A work generated by a computer may resemble
that a certain artist in birth style and form, or it may appear abstract or
random. Computers are also used in the study of the fine arts, particularly,
literature. They have also been programmed to help scholars identify paintings and sculptures from ancient civilizations.
But computers do not have intelligence in the way humans do. They
cannot think for themselves. What they are good at is carrying out arithmetical operations and making logical decisions at phenomenally fast speed.
But they only do what humans program gives them to do.
Apart from the speed at which computers execute instruction, two
developments in particular have contributed to the growth in the use of
computers – efficient storage of large amounts of data and diminishing
cost. Today, computers can store huge amount of information on magnetic
media and any item of this information can be obtained in a few milliseconds and displayed or printed for the user.
GRUPO 3
Kinds of Computers (1)
All computer systems, regardless of their size, have the same four
hardware components:
1. A processor or CPU, where the data input is processed according
to the program.
2. Input/output devices or peripherals such as the keyboard and printer,
which receive data from people and enter it into the computer for processing, then send it back to people so it can be used.
3. Storage components such as disk drives or tape drives keep data
for later use.
4. Routing and control components, which direct the instructions and/
or data from one component to the next making sure each does its task
properly.
Computers are generally classified as general-purpose or specialpurpose machine. A general-purpose computer is one used for a variety of
tasks without the need to modify or change it as the tasks change. A common example is a computer used in business that runs many different application.
A special-purpose computer is designed and used solely for one application. The machine may need to be redesigned and certainly reprogrammed, if, it is to perform another task. Special-purpose computers can
be used in a factory to monitor a manufacturing process; in research to
monitor seismological, meteorological and other natural occurrences; and
in the office.23
So all computers have in common, but certain computers differ from
one another. These differences often have to do with the way a particular
computer is used. That is why we can say there are different types of
computers that are suited for different kinds of work or problem solving.
Personal computer is a computer system that fits on a desktop, that
an individual can afford to buy for personal use, and that is intended for a
single use.
Personal computers include desktops, laptops and workstation. Each
type of a personal computer shares many characteristics in common with
its counterparts, but people use them in different ways.
The Desktop Personal computer is a computer that:
-fits on a desktop
-is designed for a single user
-is affordable for an individual to buy for personal use.
Desktop personal computers are used for education, running a small
business, or in large corporation, to help office workers be more productive. There are some common desktop personal computers:
-The IBM PC and PC-compatible
-The Compaq Deskpro 386
-The IBM PS/2
-The Apple Macintosh
The Laptop Personal Computer is a computer that people can take
with them, laptop is used by a single individual but can be used in many
different places, it is not confined by its size or weight to a desktop. It has
the same components as a desktop machine but in most cases the monitor
is built in. The printer is usually separate.
Laptops fall into the same general categories as desktop personal
computers:
-PC-compatibles
-ABM PC/2
-Apple Macintosh portable
Managers and employees who travel frequently use laptops to keep
in touch with their office. Sales representatives keep company information
on their laptops to show prospective clients, and send electronic orders
into the company computers. Writers use laptops so they can work on
their manuscript no matter where they are.
GRUPO 4
Kinds of Computers (2)
There are many portables available today, some weigh as much as
15 pounds, while others weigh as little as 3 pounds. There are laptops so
small they fit in the palm of your hand. There are laptops that fit in a
briefcase, called notebook computers.24
The Workstation is a computer that fits on a desktop, but is more
powerful than a desktop computer. The workstation has a more powerful
microprocessor, is able to service more than one user, has an easy to use
interface and is capable of multitasking. While these three characteristics
used to be unique to workstation, they are being adapted to the more powerful 386 and 486 personal computers over time.
Workstations are designed for three major tasks: scientific and engineering, office automation and education.
The Minicomputer, or mini, is a versatile special or general-purpose
computer designed so that many people can use it at the same time. Minis
operate in ordinary indoor environments; some require air conditioning
while others do not. Minis also can operate in less hospitable places such
as on ships and planes.
Like all computers, the minicomputer is designed as a system. CPUs,
terminals, printers and storage devices can be purchased separately. Mini
systems are more mobile, easier to set up and install. A minicomputer
system combined with specialized equipment and peripherals is designed
to perform a specific task. A popular minicomputer is the Digital VAX
Computer.
Mainframe is the largest general-purpose computer. It is designed to
be used by hundreds even thousands of people. A mainframe uses the
same basic building blocks of a computer system: the CPU, various I/O
devices and external memory.
Most mainframe computers are general-purpose machines. In 1964
introduced the System/360 mainframe computer. It became the most popular mainframe in the computer history.
A Supercomputer is a very fast special-purpose computer designed
to perform highly sophisticated or complex scientific calculations. For
example calculating a prime number (one that is divisible only by 1 and
itself),or the distance between planets. But computers permit turning many
other problems into numbers, such as molecular modeling, geographic
modeling and image processing.
Cray is a leading supercomputer maker, with IBM and Fujistsy as
major competitors.
A Cray X-MP Supercomputer was used to help to make a movie
called ‘The last starfighter’ Computer animation isn’t new but using the
X-MP added a whole new dimension of sophistication. Its most remarkable accomplishment was creating the entire bridge of the alien’s starship,
complete with animated aliens walking around next to real actors. Because the Cray could process the image in incredibly fine detail, the average viewer would think it looked absolutely real. The X-MP allowed animators to make illusion as convincing as reality itself
Diapositiva 1: Carátula
Diapositiva 2: Resumen del texto traducido
Diapositiva3: 10 oraciones en que el texto presenta voz pasiva con su traducción.
Diapositiva 4: Palabras que agregaron al glosario
GRUPO 1
What is a Computer?
A computer is a machine with an intricate network of electronic
circuits that operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The switches,
like the cores, are capable of being in one of two possible states, that is, on
or off; magnetized.
The machine is capable of storing and manipulating numbers, letters
and characters.9
The basic idea of a computer is that we can make the machine do
what we want by inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn
others off, or that magnetize or do not magnetize the cores.
The basic job of computers is the processing of information. For this
reason, computers can be defined as devices which accept information in
the from of instructions called a program and characters called data performming mathematical and logical operations on the information, and
then supply results of these operations.
The program or a part of it, which tells the computers what to do and
the data, which provide the information needed to solve the problem, are
kept inside the computer in a place called memory.
Computers are thought to have many remarkable powers. Most computers, whether large or small have three basic capabilities.
First, computers have circuits for performing arithmetical operations, such as: addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and exponentiation. Second, computers have means of communicating with the user. If
we couldn’t feed information in and get results back these machine wouldn’t
be of much use.
However, certain computers (commonly minicomputers and microcomputers) are used to control directly things such as robots, aircraft navigation systems, medical instruments, etc. Some of the most common methods of inputting information are to use terminals, diskettes, disks and magnetic tapes.
The computer’s input device (which might be a disk drive depending
on the medium used in inputting information) reads the information into
the computer. For outputting information, two common devices are used a
printer which prints the new information on paper, or a cathode-raytube
(CRT) display screen which shows the results on a TV-like a screen. Third,
computers have circuits which can make decisions. The kinds of decisions
which computer circuits can make are not of the type: ‘Who would win a
war between two countries?’ or ‘Who is the richest person in the world?’
Unfortunately, the computer can only decide three things, namely:’ Is one
number use more often than another? ‘Are two numbers equal?’ and, ‘Is
one number greater than another?’
A computer can solve a series of problems and make hundreds even
thousands of logical operations without becoming tired or bored. It can
find the solution to a problem in a fraction that it takes a human being to
do the job. A computer can replace people in dull routine, but it has no
originality, it works according to the instructions given to it and cannot
exercise value judgements.10
There are times when a computer seems to operate like a mechanical
«brain», but its achievement are limited by the minds of human beings. A
computer cannot do anything unless a person tells it what to do and gives
the appropriate information, but because of electric pulses can move at the
speed of light, a computer can carry out vast numbers of arithmeticallogical operations almost instantaneously.
A person can do the same, but in many cases that person would be
deal long before the job was finished.
GRUPO 2
Computer Applications.
Many people have or will have had some experience of ‘conversing’
with computers. They may have their own micro-computer, they may use
a terminal from the main company at work or they may have a television
set with a viewdata facility. Those who do not have this experience may
observe the staff at, for example, an airline check-in or a local bank branch
office sitting at their desks, pressing keys on a typewriter like a keyboard
and reading information presented on a television type screen. In such a
situation the check-in clerk or the branch cashier is using the computer to
obtain information (e.g. to find out if a seat is booked) or to amend information (e.g. to change a customer’s name and address).
The word computer conjures up different images and thoughts in
people’s mind depending upon their experiences. Some view computers as
powerful, intelligent machines that can maintain a ‘big brother’ watch
over everyone. Others are straggered and fascinated by the marvels achieved
by the space programs of the superpowers, where computers play an important part.
Numerous factories use computers to control machines that make
products. A computer turnes the machines on and off and adjusts their
operations when necessary. Without computers, it would be impossible for
engineers to perform the enormous number of calculations needed to solve
many advanced technological problems. Computers help in the building of
spacecraft, and they assist flight engineers in launching, controlling and
tracking the vehicles. Computers also are used to develop equipment for
exploring the moon and planets. They enable architectural and civil engineers to design complicated bridges and other structures with relative ease.14
Computers have been of tremendous help to researchers in the biological, physical and social sciences. Chemists and physicists rely on computers to control and check sensitive laboratory instruments and to analyse experimental data. Astronomers use computers to guide telescopes
and to process photographic images of planets and other objects in space.
Computers can be used to compose music, write poems and produce
drawings and paintings. A work generated by a computer may resemble
that a certain artist in birth style and form, or it may appear abstract or
random. Computers are also used in the study of the fine arts, particularly,
literature. They have also been programmed to help scholars identify paintings and sculptures from ancient civilizations.
But computers do not have intelligence in the way humans do. They
cannot think for themselves. What they are good at is carrying out arithmetical operations and making logical decisions at phenomenally fast speed.
But they only do what humans program gives them to do.
Apart from the speed at which computers execute instruction, two
developments in particular have contributed to the growth in the use of
computers – efficient storage of large amounts of data and diminishing
cost. Today, computers can store huge amount of information on magnetic
media and any item of this information can be obtained in a few milliseconds and displayed or printed for the user.
GRUPO 3
Kinds of Computers (1)
All computer systems, regardless of their size, have the same four
hardware components:
1. A processor or CPU, where the data input is processed according
to the program.
2. Input/output devices or peripherals such as the keyboard and printer,
which receive data from people and enter it into the computer for processing, then send it back to people so it can be used.
3. Storage components such as disk drives or tape drives keep data
for later use.
4. Routing and control components, which direct the instructions and/
or data from one component to the next making sure each does its task
properly.
Computers are generally classified as general-purpose or specialpurpose machine. A general-purpose computer is one used for a variety of
tasks without the need to modify or change it as the tasks change. A common example is a computer used in business that runs many different application.
A special-purpose computer is designed and used solely for one application. The machine may need to be redesigned and certainly reprogrammed, if, it is to perform another task. Special-purpose computers can
be used in a factory to monitor a manufacturing process; in research to
monitor seismological, meteorological and other natural occurrences; and
in the office.23
So all computers have in common, but certain computers differ from
one another. These differences often have to do with the way a particular
computer is used. That is why we can say there are different types of
computers that are suited for different kinds of work or problem solving.
Personal computer is a computer system that fits on a desktop, that
an individual can afford to buy for personal use, and that is intended for a
single use.
Personal computers include desktops, laptops and workstation. Each
type of a personal computer shares many characteristics in common with
its counterparts, but people use them in different ways.
The Desktop Personal computer is a computer that:
-fits on a desktop
-is designed for a single user
-is affordable for an individual to buy for personal use.
Desktop personal computers are used for education, running a small
business, or in large corporation, to help office workers be more productive. There are some common desktop personal computers:
-The IBM PC and PC-compatible
-The Compaq Deskpro 386
-The IBM PS/2
-The Apple Macintosh
The Laptop Personal Computer is a computer that people can take
with them, laptop is used by a single individual but can be used in many
different places, it is not confined by its size or weight to a desktop. It has
the same components as a desktop machine but in most cases the monitor
is built in. The printer is usually separate.
Laptops fall into the same general categories as desktop personal
computers:
-PC-compatibles
-ABM PC/2
-Apple Macintosh portable
Managers and employees who travel frequently use laptops to keep
in touch with their office. Sales representatives keep company information
on their laptops to show prospective clients, and send electronic orders
into the company computers. Writers use laptops so they can work on
their manuscript no matter where they are.
GRUPO 4
Kinds of Computers (2)
There are many portables available today, some weigh as much as
15 pounds, while others weigh as little as 3 pounds. There are laptops so
small they fit in the palm of your hand. There are laptops that fit in a
briefcase, called notebook computers.24
The Workstation is a computer that fits on a desktop, but is more
powerful than a desktop computer. The workstation has a more powerful
microprocessor, is able to service more than one user, has an easy to use
interface and is capable of multitasking. While these three characteristics
used to be unique to workstation, they are being adapted to the more powerful 386 and 486 personal computers over time.
Workstations are designed for three major tasks: scientific and engineering, office automation and education.
The Minicomputer, or mini, is a versatile special or general-purpose
computer designed so that many people can use it at the same time. Minis
operate in ordinary indoor environments; some require air conditioning
while others do not. Minis also can operate in less hospitable places such
as on ships and planes.
Like all computers, the minicomputer is designed as a system. CPUs,
terminals, printers and storage devices can be purchased separately. Mini
systems are more mobile, easier to set up and install. A minicomputer
system combined with specialized equipment and peripherals is designed
to perform a specific task. A popular minicomputer is the Digital VAX
Computer.
Mainframe is the largest general-purpose computer. It is designed to
be used by hundreds even thousands of people. A mainframe uses the
same basic building blocks of a computer system: the CPU, various I/O
devices and external memory.
Most mainframe computers are general-purpose machines. In 1964
introduced the System/360 mainframe computer. It became the most popular mainframe in the computer history.
A Supercomputer is a very fast special-purpose computer designed
to perform highly sophisticated or complex scientific calculations. For
example calculating a prime number (one that is divisible only by 1 and
itself),or the distance between planets. But computers permit turning many
other problems into numbers, such as molecular modeling, geographic
modeling and image processing.
Cray is a leading supercomputer maker, with IBM and Fujistsy as
major competitors.
A Cray X-MP Supercomputer was used to help to make a movie
called ‘The last starfighter’ Computer animation isn’t new but using the
X-MP added a whole new dimension of sophistication. Its most remarkable accomplishment was creating the entire bridge of the alien’s starship,
complete with animated aliens walking around next to real actors. Because the Cray could process the image in incredibly fine detail, the average viewer would think it looked absolutely real. The X-MP allowed animators to make illusion as convincing as reality itself
Talkgroup: History of Computers
Basados en la línea de tiempo elaborada en la actividad anterior, cada participante del curso dejará una entrada mencionando un momento de la historia de las computadoras. Por favor, tengan especial cuidado de respetar el orden cronológico que está dado en el texto
Talkgroup » History of computers
Talkgroup » History of computers
Timeline: History of Computers
Este es un ejemplo de cómo quedarán las lineas de tiempo de los alumnos según la consigna:
Con la informacion que tienen en el texto, regístrense en www.timetoast.com y elaboren una línea de tiempo sobre la historia de las computadoras. Luego publíquenlo en sus blogs.
Con la informacion que tienen en el texto, regístrense en www.timetoast.com y elaboren una línea de tiempo sobre la historia de las computadoras. Luego publíquenlo en sus blogs.
History of Computers
Lean este texto sobre la historia de las computadoras y realicen las actividades que siguen en la hoja de ruta.
History of computers
View more PowerPoint from Mercedes Foligna
Passive Voice
¿Se animan a identificar los verbos que estan usados en voz pasiva en el texto History of Computers? Les pido que transcriban la oración en que aparecen en el texto en el foro "History of Computers".
martes, 19 de junio de 2012
Probando Dvolver
Esta es una pelicula de prueba hecha con Dvolver. Les recomiendo esta herramienta. Es facilisimo de usar, y muy util!!!
Suscribirse a:
Entradas (Atom)